Introduction of Networking
Basic Concepts and Questions
Internet is made of
- component: computing devices,communication links and rounters.
- service: communication infrastructure/services provided to Apps
- Protocols:network of networks
connect to the Internet
network edge ---access networks--- network core
core: router switch (mainly forward)
无线路由器其实是被叫做无线AP,能力很有限,主要为了发送无线信号,不属于核心网络中的以转发为主要功能的路由器
Wireless Access Networks:
local area network(LAN): Ethernet
Wireless LANs(WiFi),Wider-area wireless access(3G,4G)
Internet History
Protocol Layers and Service Model
Network Performance
网络性能指标
delay:source to destination
传输延迟 Transmission delay:bandwidth,报文大小/
传播延迟 Propagation delay:导线传播时间
网络中心节点有关(动态相关
Loss
Throughput
吞吐量
在任何时间的瞬时吞吐量(instantaneous throughput)是主机接收到一个文件的速率(bps)。如果文件由 F比特组成,主机接收到所有比特用去$T$秒,则文件传送的平均吞吐量(average throughput)是 $F/T$ bps。
没有其他干扰流量时,其吞吐量近似为沿着源和目的地之间路径的最小传输效率。